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2024, Paper: "From agriculture to industry to the knowledge economy. Kharkiv is central to that transition, as hub a of agricultural processing, heavy industry and information technology. Human capital was responsible for much of Kharkiv’s pre-conflict strength, and Kharkiv’s post-conflict rebirth will also depend on attracting, training and retaining talent. Ideally, that talent will exploit the synergies between agriculture, industry and new technologies, and enable the knowledge economy to improve the efficiency and sustainability of older economies. Ukraine’s most traditional strength is its fertile soil. It is “the breadbasket of Europe”. Prior to the escalation of conflict in 2022, agricultural exports accounted for 41 percent of the value of the country’s exports. Ukraine was the fifth-largest exporter of wheat, honey and walnuts worldwide, the sixth- and seventh-largest producer of corn and wheat, respectively, the third-largest exporter of maize, barley and rapeseed, and the world’s largest exporter of sunflower oil, sunflower meal, and millet. A significant share of agricultural production and processing occurs the Kharkiv Oblast, and 70 percent of the Oblast’s population works in the city of Kharkiv (Foreign Agricultural Service, 2022; Welsh et al., 2023).2"