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2025, Paper, Solving many if not most sustainability challenges will require coordination and cooperation amongst a wide variety of actors with diverse interests, resources, and abilities. At the same time, in the rapidly changing Anthropocene system, governance arrangements must become better equipped to respond not just to individual challenges such as increasing heat intensity or infectious diseases, but to multiple and interacting stresses, all happening at once. Meeting the goals of sustainable development will therefore require the capacity of diverse actors (often with competing interests and unequal power) to work together in the face of deep uncertainty. This working paper provides a high-level overview of scholarship governance in sustainability science as well as insights from the past several decades of practice in the field. The paper is designed as a jumping off point for a seminar series on Building Capacity for Sustainable Development (C4SD) organized by the Mossavar-Rahmani Center for Business and Government, the Sustainability Science Program, Salata Institute for Climate and Sustainability, Center for International Development, and the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs at Harvard Kennedy School. For more information about the seminar series see this link: /centers/mrcbg/programs/sustainability-science-program/c4sd-seminar-series