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March 2025, Paper: "After the decision of the Venezuelan regime to disregard the results of the presidential election of July 28, 2024, and subsequently swear in Maduro for a new term on January 10, 2025, the international community faces a new reality. The Venezuelan people, essentially, have tried every single tool in the kit to try to transition to democracy without success. As the administration will define a new strategy on Venezuela, one of the tools at it disposal is reenacting and deepening economic sanctions on the regime. While the effectiveness of sanctions as the optimal tool to restore democracy in Venezuela is hard to assess empirically, part of the policy discussion is centered on one of its consequences: whether this strategy could result in more migration and irregular crossings at the US Southwestern border."