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The paper examines the early integration of Ukrainian refugee students into Italy's education system following the Russian Federation’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022. Using administrative and survey data, the study presents enrollment trends, academic performance, and barriers to educational integration. Findings from the analysis indicate that Ukrainian refugees face lower enrollment rates, higher absenteeism, and lower test scores than other students, particularly in subjects requiring language proficiency. Despite these challenges, teachers often recommend Ukrainian refugee students for advanced educational tracks, thus revealing their optimism about the potential of these students. Language barriers, mental health challenges, and uncertain futures are identified as major obstacles to integration. The study highlights the importance of tailored interventions, such as psychological support and more dedicated teaching time, to foster refugee students' academic and social inclusion.