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Recent efforts to control spending, including accountable care organizations, value-based payment, and high-deductible health plans, have emphasized optimizing patterns of health service use. The next wave of cost-containment efforts is beginning to focus attention on prices. Under the American Rescue Plan Act, the Medicare Part D program will, for the first time, regulate prices of 10 costly pharmaceuticals. On the health care services side, a recent bipartisan Health Affairs Council on Spending and Value calls for regulation of commercial hospital rates in markets with insufficient competition.