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Gavel and scales of justice on a green-felted desk in front of bookshelves.
Feature: How U.S. Courts Privilege Conservative Policy Outcomes

Maya Sen assesses the institutional and compositional features of U.S. federal courts that tend to bias them toward conservative policy outcomes.

Map of the united states with a pin in the midwest.
Feature: The U.S. Place-Based Policy Supply Chain

Dani Rodrik and Gordon Hanson document how vertical policy supply chains distribute resources from federal and state governments to recipients at the local level.

Political leader speaks into a microphone at a podium with an advisor standing behind her.
Feature: How Does Shaming Human Rights Violators Abroad Shape Attitudes at Home?

Lotem Bassan-Nygate theorizes that by shaming human rights violators abroad, governments can improve their image at home but may encourage tolerance toward certain domestic violations.

Two people sit at a desk in front of a laptop with rows of filing cabinets behind them.
Feature: Thinking (about Peace Science) in Time

Erica Chenoweth speaks to colleagues in the peace science community, reflecting on the world events that have shaped their scholarship and how researchers might think about the current geopolitical moment.

Harvard Kennedy School faculty disseminate their research in working publications and papers that contribute to public knowledge and fuel policy innovation. This list features recent faculty publications, including journal articles, books, edited volumes, research papers, and public testimony.

Faculty Publications

Excess Mortality Rate in Black Children Since 1950 in the United States: A 70-Year Population-Based Study of Racial Inequalities

Paternina-Caicedo, Angel, Oscar Espinosa, Sangini S. Sheth, Nathaniel Hupert, and Soroush Saghafian. "Excess Mortality Rate in Black Children Since 1950 in the United States: A 70-Year Population-Based Study of Racial Inequalities." Annals of Internal Medicine (25 March 2025).

Digital phenotyping in bipolar disorder: Using longitudinal Fitbit data and personalized machine learning to predict mood symptomatology

Lipschitz, Jessica M., Sidian Lin, Soroush Saghafian, Chelsea K. Pike, and Katherine E. Burdick. "Digital phenotyping in bipolar disorder: Using longitudinal Fitbit data and personalized machine learning to predict mood symptomatology." Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 151.3 (March 2025): 434-447.

Variation in batch ordering of imaging tests in the emergency department and the impact on care delivery

Jameson, Jacob C., Soroush Saghafian, Robert S. Huckman, and Nicole Hodgson. "Variation in batch ordering of imaging tests in the emergency department and the impact on care delivery." Health Services Research 60.1 (February 2025): e14406.

A Framework for Considering the Value of Race and Ethnicity in Estimating Disease Risk

Coots, Madison, Soroush Saghafian, David M. Kent, and Sharad Goel. "A Framework for Considering the Value of Race and Ethnicity in Estimating Disease Risk." Annals of Internal Medicine 178.1 (January 2025): 98-107.

Effective Generative AI: The Human-Algorithm Centaur

Saghafian, Soroush, and Lihi Idan. "Effective Generative AI: The Human-Algorithm Centaur." Harvard Data Science Review Special Issue 5 (December 19, 2024).

Genomic heterogeneity and ploidy identify patients with intrinsic resistance to PD-1 blockade in metastatic melanoma

Tarantino, Giuseppe, Cora A. Ricker, Annette Wang ... Soroush Saghafian et al. "Genomic heterogeneity and ploidy identify patients with intrinsic resistance to PD-1 blockade in metastatic melanoma." Science Advances 10.48 (29 November 2024): eadp4670.

Dynamic Assignment of Patients to Primary and Secondary Inpatient Units: Is Patience a Virtue?

Saghafian, Soroush, Derya Kilinic, and Stephen J. Traub. "Dynamic Assignment of Patients to Primary and Secondary Inpatient Units: Is Patience a Virtue?" The Cambridge Handbook of Healthcare Productivity, Efficiency, Effectiveness. Ed. Shawna Grosskopf, Vivian Valdmanis, and Valentin Zelenyuk. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2024, 612-656.

Ambiguous Dynamic Treatment Regimes: A Reinforcement Learning Approach

Saghafian, Soroush. "Ambiguous Dynamic Treatment Regimes: A Reinforcement Learning Approach." Management Science 70.9 (September 2024): 5667-5690.

Drivers, adaptations, and public impacts of hospital closures, implications for policy

Saghafian, Soroush. "Drivers, adaptations, and public impacts of hospital closures, implications for policy." Perspectives: Frontiers in Public Health 12 (August 12, 2024): 1415033.

Diabetes mellitus and blood glucose variability increases the 30-day readmission rate after kidney transplantation

Orfanoudaki, Agni, Curtiss B. Cook, Soroush Saghafian, Janna Castro, Heidi E. Kosiorek, Harini A. Chakkera. "Diabetes mellitus and blood glucose variability increases the 30-day readmission rate after kidney transplantation." Clinical Transplantation 38.1 (January 2024): e15177.

Is the Pursuit of Efficiency in Healthcare Worth the Gamble?

Saghafian, Soroush. "Is the Pursuit of Efficiency in Healthcare Worth the Gamble?" INFORMS OR/MS Today, December 6, 2023.

The Impact of Vertical Integration on Physician Behavior and Healthcare Delivery: Evidence from Gastroenterology Practices

Saghafian, Soroush, Lina Song, Joseph Newhouse, Mary Beth Landrum, and John Hsu. "The Impact of Vertical Integration on Physician Behavior and Healthcare Delivery: Evidence from Gastroenterology Practices." Management Science 69.12 (December 2023): 7151-7882.

To Batch or Not to Batch: Test-Ordering Variability in the Emergency Department and the Impact on Care Delivery

Jameson, Jacob, Soroush Saghafian, Robert S. Huckman, and Nicole Hodgson. "To Batch or Not to Batch: Test-Ordering Variability in the Emergency Department and the Impact on Care Delivery." ÌÇÐÄvlog¹ÙÍø Faculty Research Working Paper Series RWP23-032, November 2023.

Effective Generative AI: The Human-Algorithm Centaur

Saghafian, Soroush. "Effective Generative AI: The Human-Algorithm Centaur." ÌÇÐÄvlog¹ÙÍø Faculty Research Working Paper Series RWP23-030, October 2023.

Ambiguous Dynamic Treatment Regimes: A Reinforcement Learning Approach

Saghafian, Soroush. "Ambiguous Dynamic Treatment Regimes: A Reinforcement Learning Approach." Management Science (2023).

Health and Economic Impacts of Lockdown Policies in the Early Stage of COVID-19 in the United States.

Boloori, Alireza, and Soroush Saghafian. "Health and Economic Impacts of Lockdown Policies in the Early Stage of COVID-19 in the United States." Service Science 15.3 (September 2023): 188-211.

Reevaluating the Role of Race and Ethnicity in Diabetes Screening

Coots, Madison, Soroush Saghafian, David Kent, and Sharad Goel. "Reevaluating the Role of Race and Ethnicity in Diabetes Screening." June 2023.

Physician-Driven Early Evaluation: Encounters Seen in a Vertical Model

Hodgson, Nicole R., Soroush Saghafian, Molly C. Klanderman, Andrej Urumov, Stephen J. Traub. "Physician-Driven Early Evaluation: Encounters Seen in a Vertical Model." Journal of Emergency Medicine Reports 2.2 (June 2023): 100028.

Who should see the patient? on deviations from preferred patient-provider assignments in hospitals

Atkinson, Mariam K., and Soroush Saghafian. "Who should see the patient? on deviations from preferred patient-provider assignments in hospitals." Health Care Management Science 26.2 (June 2023): 165-199.

Vertical Patient Streaming in Emergency Departments

Feizi, Arshya, Agni Orfanoudaki, Soroush Saghafian, and Nicole Hodgson. "Vertical Patient Streaming in Emergency Departments." ÌÇÐÄvlog¹ÙÍø Faculty Research Working Paper Series RWP23-014, May 2023.

Joint patient selection and scheduling under no-shows: Theory and application in proton therapy

Saghafian, Soroush, Nikolaos Trichakis, Ruihao Zhu, and Helen A. Shih. "Joint patient selection and scheduling under no-shows: Theory and application in proton therapy." Production and Operations Management 32.2 (February 2023): 547-563.

Understanding the Opioid Epidemic: Human-Based Versus Algorithmic-Based Perceptions, Treatments, and Guidelines

Boloori, Alireza, Soroush Saghafian, and Stephen J. Traub. "Understanding the Opioid Epidemic: Human-Based Versus Algorithmic-Based Perceptions, Treatments, and Guidelines." ÌÇÐÄvlog¹ÙÍø Faculty Research Working Paper Series RWP22-026, December 2022.

Algorithm, Human, or the Centaur: How to Enhance Clinical Care?

Orfanoudaki, Agni, Soroush Saghafian, Karen Song, Harini A. Chakkera, and Curtiss B. Cook. "Algorithm, Human, or the Centaur: How to Enhance Clinical Care?" ÌÇÐÄvlog¹ÙÍø Faculty Research Working Paper Series RWP22-027, December 2022.

The Impact of Vertical Integration on Physician Behavior and Healthcare Delivery: Evidence from Gastroenterology Practices

Saghafian, Soroush, Linda D. Song, Joseph P. Newhouse, Mary Beth Landrum, and John Hsu. "The Impact of Vertical Integration on Physician Behavior and Healthcare Delivery: Evidence from Gastroenterology Practices." ÌÇÐÄvlog¹ÙÍø Faculty Research Working Paper Series RWP20-031, November 2022.

Dynamic Assignment of Patients to Primary and Secondary Inpatient Units: Is Patience a Virtue?

Saghafian, Soroush, Derya Kilinc, and Stephen J. Traub. "Dynamic Assignment of Patients to Primary and Secondary Inpatient Units: Is Patience a Virtue?" ÌÇÐÄvlog¹ÙÍø Faculty Research Working Paper Series RWP17-010, August 2022.

Towards a more efficient healthcare system: Opportunities and challenges caused by hospital closures amid the COVID-19 pandemic

Saghafian, Soroush, Lina D. Song, and Ali S. Raja. "Towards a more efficient healthcare system: Opportunities and challenges caused by hospital closures amid the COVID-19 pandemic." Health Care Management Science 25 (June 2022).

Employee Health Plans Powered by Analytics

Hopp, Wallace, Jun Li, Soroush Saghafian, and Guihua Wang. "Employee Health Plans Powered by Analytics." Management and Business Review 1.3 (2021).

Using Machine Learning to Demystify Startups’ Funding, Post-Money Valuation, and Success

Ang, Yu Qian, Andrew Chia, and Soroush Saghafian. "Using Machine Learning to Demystify Startups’ Funding, Post-Money Valuation, and Success." Innovative Technology at the Interface of Finance and Operations. Ed. Volodymyr Babich, John R. Birge, and Hilary Gilles. Springer, Cham, 2022, 271-296.

Using Machine Learning to Demystify Startups’ Funding, Post-Money Valuation, and Success

Ang, Yu Qian, Andrew Chia, and Soroush Saghafian. "Using Machine Learning to Demystify Startups’ Funding, Post-Money Valuation, and Success." Innovative Technology at the Interface of Finance and Operations. Ed. Volodymyr Babich, John R. Birge, and Gilles Hilary. Springer, 11 May 2021, 271-296.

Joint Patient Selection and Scheduling under No-Shows: Theory and Application in Proton Therapy

Saghafian, Soroush, Nikolaos Trichakis, Ruihao Zhu, and Helen A. Shih. "Joint Patient Selection and Scheduling under No-Shows: Theory and Application in Proton Therapy." ÌÇÐÄvlog¹ÙÍø Faculty Research Working Paper Series RWP19-019, May 2019.

Ambiguous Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes: Structural Results and Applications

Saghafian, Soroush. "Ambiguous Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes: Structural Results and Applications." Journal of Economic Theory 178 (November 2018): 1-35.

Are Testers Also Admitters? Comparing Emergency Physician Resource Utilization and Admitting Practices

Hodgson, Nicole R., Souroush Saghafian, Lanyu Mi, Matthew R. Buras, Eric D. Katz, Jesse M. Pines, Leon Sanchez, Scott Silvers, Steven A. Maher, and Stephen J. Traub. "Are Testers Also Admitters? Comparing Emergency Physician Resource Utilization and Admitting Practices." Journal of Emergency Medicine 36.10 (October 2018): 1865-1869.

Who is an Efficient and Effective Physician? Evidence from Emergence Medicine

Saghafian, Soroush, Raha Imanirad, and Stephen J. Traub. "Who is an Efficient and Effective Physician? Evidence from Emergence Medicine." ÌÇÐÄvlog¹ÙÍø Faculty Research Working Paper Series RWP18-029, September 2018.

Robust Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes

Rasouli, Mohammad, and Soroush Saghafian. "Robust Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes." ÌÇÐÄvlog¹ÙÍø Faculty Research Working Paper Series RWP18-027, September 2018.

The Durability of Operational Improvements with Rotational Patient Assignment

Traub, Stephen J., Soroush Saghafian, Adam C. Bartley, Matthew R. Buras, Christopher F. Stewart, and Brian T.Kruse. "The Durability of Operational Improvements with Rotational Patient Assignment." The American Journal of Emergency Medicine 36.8 (August 2018): 1367-1371.

The Internet of Things and Information Fusion: Who Talks to Who?

Saghafian, Soroush, Brian Tomlin, and Stephan Biller. "The Internet of Things and Information Fusion: Who Talks to Who?" ÌÇÐÄvlog¹ÙÍø Faculty Research Working Paper Series RWP18-009, February 2018.

Data-Driven Percentile Optimization for Multi-Class Queueing Systems with Model Ambiguity: Theory and Application

Bren, Austin, and Soroush Saghafian. "Data-Driven Percentile Optimization for Multi-Class Queueing Systems with Model Ambiguity: Theory and Application." ÌÇÐÄvlog¹ÙÍø Faculty Research Working Paper Series RWP18-008, February 2018.

Workload Management in Telemedical Physician Triage and Other Knowledge-Based Service Systems

Saghafian, Soroush, Wallace J. Hopp, Seyed M.R. Iravani, Yao Cheng, and Daniel Diermeier. "Workload Management in Telemedical Physician Triage and Other Knowledge-Based Service Systems." Management Science 64.11 (February 2018): 5180-5197.

Physician in Triage Versus Rotational Patient Assignment

Traub, Stephen J., Adam C. Bartley, Vernon D. Smith, Roshanak Didehban, Christopher A. Lipinski, and Soroush Saghafian. "Physician in Triage Versus Rotational Patient Assignment." The Journal of Emergency Medicine 50.5 (May 2016): 784-790.

Compensating for Dynamic Supply Disruptions: Backup Flexibility Design

Saghafian, Soroush, and Mark P. Van Oyen. "Compensating for Dynamic Supply Disruptions: Backup Flexibility Design." Operations Research 64.2 (March-April 2016): 390-405.

A cµ Rule for Two-Tiered Parallel Servers

Saghafian, Soroush, and Michael H. Veatch. "A cµ Rule for Two-Tiered Parallel Servers." IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control 61.4 (April 2016): 1046-1050.

Emergency Department Rotational Patient Assignment

Traub, Stephen J., Christopher F. Stewart, Roshanak Didehban, Adam C. Bartley, Soroush Saghafian, Vernon D. Smith, Scott M. Silvers, Ryan LeCheminant, and Christopher A. Lipinski. "Emergency Department Rotational Patient Assignment." Annals of Emergency Medicine 67.2 (February 2016): 206-215.

The Newsvendor under Demand Ambiguity: Combining Data with Moment and Tail
Information

Saghafian, Soroush, and Brian Tomlin. "The Newsvendor under Demand Ambiguity: Combining Data with Moment and Tail Information." Operations Research 64.1 (January-February 2016): 167-185.

Characterization of Remitting and Relapsing
Hyperglycemia in Post-Renal-Transplant
Recipients

Boloori, Alireza, Soroush Saghafian, Harini A. Chakkera, and Curtiss B. Cook. "Characterization of Remitting and Relapsing Hyperglycemia in Post-Renal-Transplant Recipients." Public Library of Science PLOS ONE (November 9, 2015).

Emergency Department Rapid Medical Assessment: Overall Effect and Mechanistic Considerations

Traub, Stephen J., Joseph P. Wood, James Kelley, David M. Nestler, Yu-Hui Chang, Soroush Saghafian, and Christopher A. Lipinski. "Emergency Department Rapid Medical Assessment: Overall Effect and Mechanistic Considerations." Journal of Emergency Medicine 48.5 (May 2015): 620-627.

Operations Research/Management Contributions to Emergency Department Patient Flow Optimization: Review and Research Prospects

Saghafian, Soroush, Garrett Austin, and Stephen J. Traub. "Operations Research/Management Contributions to Emergency Department Patient Flow Optimization: Review and Research Prospects." IIE Transactions on Healthcare Systems Engineering 5.2 (2015): 101-123.