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Gavel and scales of justice on a green-felted desk in front of bookshelves.
Feature: How U.S. Courts Privilege Conservative Policy Outcomes

Maya Sen assesses the institutional and compositional features of U.S. federal courts that tend to bias them toward conservative policy outcomes.

Map of the united states with a pin in the midwest.
Feature: The U.S. Place-Based Policy Supply Chain

Dani Rodrik and Gordon Hanson document how vertical policy supply chains distribute resources from federal and state governments to recipients at the local level.

Political leader speaks into a microphone at a podium with an advisor standing behind her.
Feature: How Does Shaming Human Rights Violators Abroad Shape Attitudes at Home?

Lotem Bassan-Nygate theorizes that by shaming human rights violators abroad, governments can improve their image at home but may encourage tolerance toward certain domestic violations.

Two people sit at a desk in front of a laptop with rows of filing cabinets behind them.
Feature: Thinking (about Peace Science) in Time

Erica Chenoweth speaks to colleagues in the peace science community, reflecting on the world events that have shaped their scholarship and how researchers might think about the current geopolitical moment.

Harvard Kennedy School faculty disseminate their research in working publications and papers that contribute to public knowledge and fuel policy innovation. This list features recent faculty publications, including journal articles, books, edited volumes, research papers, and public testimony.

Faculty Publications

Excess Mortality Rate in Black Children Since 1950 in the United States: A 70-Year Population-Based Study of Racial Inequalities

Paternina-Caicedo, Angel, Oscar Espinosa, Sangini S. Sheth, Nathaniel Hupert, and Soroush Saghafian. "Excess Mortality Rate in Black Children Since 1950 in the United States: A 70-Year Population-Based Study of Racial Inequalities." Annals of Internal Medicine (25 March 2025).

Variation in batch ordering of imaging tests in the emergency department and the impact on care delivery

Jameson, Jacob C., Soroush Saghafian, Robert S. Huckman, and Nicole Hodgson. "Variation in batch ordering of imaging tests in the emergency department and the impact on care delivery." Health Services Research 60.1 (February 2025): e14406.

A Framework for Considering the Value of Race and Ethnicity in Estimating Disease Risk

Coots, Madison, Soroush Saghafian, David M. Kent, and Sharad Goel. "A Framework for Considering the Value of Race and Ethnicity in Estimating Disease Risk." Annals of Internal Medicine 178.1 (January 2025): 98-107.

Dynamic Assignment of Patients to Primary and Secondary Inpatient Units: Is Patience a Virtue?

Saghafian, Soroush, Derya Kilinic, and Stephen J. Traub. "Dynamic Assignment of Patients to Primary and Secondary Inpatient Units: Is Patience a Virtue?" The Cambridge Handbook of Healthcare Productivity, Efficiency, Effectiveness. Ed. Shawna Grosskopf, Vivian Valdmanis, and Valentin Zelenyuk. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2024, 612-656.

Drivers, adaptations, and public impacts of hospital closures, implications for policy

Saghafian, Soroush. "Drivers, adaptations, and public impacts of hospital closures, implications for policy." Perspectives: Frontiers in Public Health 12 (August 12, 2024): 1415033.

Diabetes mellitus and blood glucose variability increases the 30-day readmission rate after kidney transplantation

Orfanoudaki, Agni, Curtiss B. Cook, Soroush Saghafian, Janna Castro, Heidi E. Kosiorek, Harini A. Chakkera. "Diabetes mellitus and blood glucose variability increases the 30-day readmission rate after kidney transplantation." Clinical Transplantation 38.1 (January 2024): e15177.

Is the Pursuit of Efficiency in Healthcare Worth the Gamble?

Saghafian, Soroush. "Is the Pursuit of Efficiency in Healthcare Worth the Gamble?" INFORMS OR/MS Today, December 6, 2023.

The Impact of Vertical Integration on Physician Behavior and Healthcare Delivery: Evidence from Gastroenterology Practices

Saghafian, Soroush, Lina Song, Joseph Newhouse, Mary Beth Landrum, and John Hsu. "The Impact of Vertical Integration on Physician Behavior and Healthcare Delivery: Evidence from Gastroenterology Practices." Management Science 69.12 (December 2023): 7151-7882.

To Batch or Not to Batch: Test-Ordering Variability in the Emergency Department and the Impact on Care Delivery

Jameson, Jacob, Soroush Saghafian, Robert S. Huckman, and Nicole Hodgson. "To Batch or Not to Batch: Test-Ordering Variability in the Emergency Department and the Impact on Care Delivery." ÌÇÐÄvlog¹ÙÍø Faculty Research Working Paper Series RWP23-032, November 2023.

Ambiguous Dynamic Treatment Regimes: A Reinforcement Learning Approach

Saghafian, Soroush. "Ambiguous Dynamic Treatment Regimes: A Reinforcement Learning Approach." Management Science (2023).

Health and Economic Impacts of Lockdown Policies in the Early Stage of COVID-19 in the United States.

Boloori, Alireza, and Soroush Saghafian. "Health and Economic Impacts of Lockdown Policies in the Early Stage of COVID-19 in the United States." Service Science 15.3 (September 2023): 188-211.

Reevaluating the Role of Race and Ethnicity in Diabetes Screening

Coots, Madison, Soroush Saghafian, David Kent, and Sharad Goel. "Reevaluating the Role of Race and Ethnicity in Diabetes Screening." June 2023.

Physician-Driven Early Evaluation: Encounters Seen in a Vertical Model

Hodgson, Nicole R., Soroush Saghafian, Molly C. Klanderman, Andrej Urumov, Stephen J. Traub. "Physician-Driven Early Evaluation: Encounters Seen in a Vertical Model." Journal of Emergency Medicine Reports 2.2 (June 2023): 100028.

Who should see the patient? on deviations from preferred patient-provider assignments in hospitals

Atkinson, Mariam K., and Soroush Saghafian. "Who should see the patient? on deviations from preferred patient-provider assignments in hospitals." Health Care Management Science 26.2 (June 2023): 165-199.

Vertical Patient Streaming in Emergency Departments

Feizi, Arshya, Agni Orfanoudaki, Soroush Saghafian, and Nicole Hodgson. "Vertical Patient Streaming in Emergency Departments." ÌÇÐÄvlog¹ÙÍø Faculty Research Working Paper Series RWP23-014, May 2023.

Joint patient selection and scheduling under no-shows: Theory and application in proton therapy

Saghafian, Soroush, Nikolaos Trichakis, Ruihao Zhu, and Helen A. Shih. "Joint patient selection and scheduling under no-shows: Theory and application in proton therapy." Production and Operations Management 32.2 (February 2023): 547-563.

Ambiguous Dynamic Treatment Regimes:
A Reinforcement Learning Approach

Saghafian, Soroush. "Ambiguous Dynamic Treatment Regimes: A Reinforcement Learning Approach." ÌÇÐÄvlog¹ÙÍø Faculty Research Working Paper Series RWP21-034, December 2022.

Understanding the Opioid Epidemic: Human-Based Versus Algorithmic-Based Perceptions, Treatments, and Guidelines

Boloori, Alireza, Soroush Saghafian, and Stephen J. Traub. "Understanding the Opioid Epidemic: Human-Based Versus Algorithmic-Based Perceptions, Treatments, and Guidelines." ÌÇÐÄvlog¹ÙÍø Faculty Research Working Paper Series RWP22-026, December 2022.

Algorithm, Human, or the Centaur: How to Enhance Clinical Care?

Orfanoudaki, Agni, Soroush Saghafian, Karen Song, Harini A. Chakkera, and Curtiss B. Cook. "Algorithm, Human, or the Centaur: How to Enhance Clinical Care?" ÌÇÐÄvlog¹ÙÍø Faculty Research Working Paper Series RWP22-027, December 2022.

Who Should See the Patient? On Deviations from Preferred Patient-Provider Assignments in Hospitals

Atkinson, Mariam K., and Soroush Saghafian. "Who Should See the Patient? On Deviations from Preferred Patient-Provider Assignments in Hospitals." ÌÇÐÄvlog¹ÙÍø Faculty Research Working Paper Series RWP19-037, November 2022.

The Impact of Vertical Integration on Physician Behavior and Healthcare Delivery: Evidence from Gastroenterology Practices

Saghafian, Soroush, Linda D. Song, Joseph P. Newhouse, Mary Beth Landrum, and John Hsu. "The Impact of Vertical Integration on Physician Behavior and Healthcare Delivery: Evidence from Gastroenterology Practices." ÌÇÐÄvlog¹ÙÍø Faculty Research Working Paper Series RWP20-031, November 2022.

Dynamic Assignment of Patients to Primary and Secondary Inpatient Units: Is Patience a Virtue?

Saghafian, Soroush, Derya Kilinc, and Stephen J. Traub. "Dynamic Assignment of Patients to Primary and Secondary Inpatient Units: Is Patience a Virtue?" ÌÇÐÄvlog¹ÙÍø Faculty Research Working Paper Series RWP17-010, August 2022.

Towards a more efficient healthcare system: Opportunities and challenges caused by hospital closures amid the COVID-19 pandemic

Saghafian, Soroush, Lina D. Song, and Ali S. Raja. "Towards a more efficient healthcare system: Opportunities and challenges caused by hospital closures amid the COVID-19 pandemic." Health Care Management Science 25 (June 2022).

The Internet of Things and Information Fusion: Who Talks to Who?

Saghafian, Soroush, Brian Tomlin, and Stephan Biller. "The Internet of Things and Information Fusion: Who Talks to Who?" Manufacturing & Service Operations Management 24.1 (January-February 2022): 333-351.

Employee Health Plans Powered by Analytics

Hopp, Wallace, Jun Li, Soroush Saghafian, and Guihua Wang. "Employee Health Plans Powered by Analytics." Management and Business Review 1.3 (2021).

Innovative Healthcare Delivery: The Scientific and Regulatory Challenges in Designing mHealth Interventions

Saghafian, Soroush, and Susan A. Murphy. "Innovative Healthcare Delivery: The Scientific and Regulatory Challenges in Designing mHealth Interventions." National Academy of Medicine (August 2021).

Do Independent and Parallel Processing Physicians Influence Each Other's Performance? Evidence from the Emergency Department

Saghafian, Soroush, Raha Imanirad, and Stephen J. Traub. "Do Independent and Parallel Processing Physicians Influence Each Other's Performance? Evidence from the Emergency Department." ÌÇÐÄvlog¹ÙÍø Faculty Research Working Paper Series RWP19-018, June 2021.

The Spillover Effects of Hospital Closures on the Efficiency and Quality of Other Hospitals

Song, Lina, and Soroush Saghafian. "The Spillover Effects of Hospital Closures on the Efficiency and Quality of Other Hospitals." ÌÇÐÄvlog¹ÙÍø Faculty Research Working Paper Series RWP19-006, April 2021.

Data-Driven Management of Post-Transplant Medications: An Ambiguous Partially Observable Markov Decision Process Approach

Boloori, Alireza, Soroush Saghafian, Harini A. Chakkera, and Curtiss B. Cook. "Data-Driven Management of Post-Transplant Medications: An Ambiguous Partially Observable Markov Decision Process Approach." Manufacturing and Service Operations Management 22.5 (October 2020): 1066-1087.

Health and Economic Impacts of Lockdown Policies in the Early Stage of COVID-19 in the U.S.

Boloori, Alireza, and Soroush Saghafian. "Health and Economic Impacts of Lockdown Policies in the Early Stage of COVID-19 in the U.S." ÌÇÐÄvlog¹ÙÍø Faculty Research Working Paper Series RWP20-027, August 2020.

COVID-19: What Intervention Policies Are Most Effective? A Brief Report Using Data from Government of Bahrain

Boloori, Alireza, and Soroush Saghafian. "COVID-19: What Intervention Policies Are Most Effective? A Brief Report Using Data from Government of Bahrain." ÌÇÐÄvlog¹ÙÍø Faculty Research Working Paper Series RWP20-011, May 2020.

Incidence, Risk Factors, and Trends for Postheart Transplantation Diabetes Mellitus

Munshi, Vidit N., Soroush Saghafian, Curtiss B. Cook, Eric Steidley, Brian Hardaway, and Harini A. Chakkera. "Incidence, Risk Factors, and Trends for Postheart Transplantation Diabetes Mellitus." The American Journal of Cardiology 125.3 (February 2020): 436-440.

Comparison of Post-Transplantation Diabetes Mellitus Incidence and Risk Factors Between Kidney and Liver Transplantation Patient

Munshi, Vidit N., Soroush Saghafian, Curtiss B. Cook, K. Tuesday Werner, and Harini A. Chakkera. "Comparison of Post-Transplantation Diabetes Mellitus Incidence and Risk Factors Between Kidney and Liver Transplantation Patient." PLOS ONE 15.1 (January 2020): 1-12.

Can Public Reporting Cure Healthcare? The Role of Quality Transparency in Improving Patient-Provider Alignment

Saghafian, Soroush, and Wallace J. Hopp. "Can Public Reporting Cure Healthcare? The Role of Quality Transparency in Improving Patient-Provider Alignment." Operations Research 68.1 (January 2020).

The Role of Quality Transparency in Health Care: Challenges and Potential Solutions

Saghafian, Soroush, and Wallace J. Hopp. "The Role of Quality Transparency in Health Care: Challenges and Potential Solutions." National Academy of Medicine, November 18, 2019.

Joint Patient Selection and Scheduling under No-Shows: Theory and Application in Proton Therapy

Saghafian, Soroush, Nikolaos Trichakis, Ruihao Zhu, and Helen A. Shih. "Joint Patient Selection and Scheduling under No-Shows: Theory and Application in Proton Therapy." ÌÇÐÄvlog¹ÙÍø Faculty Research Working Paper Series RWP19-019, May 2019.

Data-Driven Percentile Optimization for Multi-Class Queueing Systems with Model Ambiguity: Theory and Application

Bren, Austin, and Soroush Saghafian. "Data-Driven Percentile Optimization for Multi-Class Queueing Systems with Model Ambiguity: Theory and Application." INFORMS Journal on Optimization 1.4 (April 2019): 267-287.

Are Testers Also Admitters? Comparing Emergency Physician Resource Utilization and Admitting Practices

Hodgson, Nicole R., Souroush Saghafian, Lanyu Mi, Matthew R. Buras, Eric D. Katz, Jesse M. Pines, Leon Sanchez, Scott Silvers, Steven A. Maher, and Stephen J. Traub. "Are Testers Also Admitters? Comparing Emergency Physician Resource Utilization and Admitting Practices." Journal of Emergency Medicine 36.10 (October 2018): 1865-1869.

Who is an Efficient and Effective Physician? Evidence from Emergence Medicine

Saghafian, Soroush, Raha Imanirad, and Stephen J. Traub. "Who is an Efficient and Effective Physician? Evidence from Emergence Medicine." ÌÇÐÄvlog¹ÙÍø Faculty Research Working Paper Series RWP18-029, September 2018.

The Durability of Operational Improvements with Rotational Patient Assignment

Traub, Stephen J., Soroush Saghafian, Adam C. Bartley, Matthew R. Buras, Christopher F. Stewart, and Brian T.Kruse. "The Durability of Operational Improvements with Rotational Patient Assignment." The American Journal of Emergency Medicine 36.8 (August 2018): 1367-1371.

Interphysician Differences in Emergency Department Length of Stay

Traub, Stephen J., Soroush Saghafian, Kurtis Judson, Christopher Russi, Bo Madsen, Stephen Cha, Hannah C. Tolson, Leon D. Sanchez, and Jesse M. Pines. "Interphysician Differences in Emergency Department Length of Stay." Journal of Emergency Medicine 54.5 (May 2018): 702-710.

Data-Driven Percentile Optimization for Multi-Class Queueing Systems with Model Ambiguity: Theory and Application

Bren, Austin, and Soroush Saghafian. "Data-Driven Percentile Optimization for Multi-Class Queueing Systems with Model Ambiguity: Theory and Application." ÌÇÐÄvlog¹ÙÍø Faculty Research Working Paper Series RWP18-008, February 2018.

Workload Management in Telemedical Physician Triage and Other Knowledge-Based Service Systems

Saghafian, Soroush, Wallace J. Hopp, Seyed M.R. Iravani, Yao Cheng, and Daniel Diermeier. "Workload Management in Telemedical Physician Triage and Other Knowledge-Based Service Systems." Management Science 64.11 (February 2018): 5180-5197.

Can Public Reporting Cure Healthcare? The Role of Quality Transparency in Improving Patient-Provider Alignment

Saghafian, Soroush, and Wallace J. Hopp. "Can Public Reporting Cure Healthcare? The Role of Quality Transparency in Improving Patient-Provider Alignment." ÌÇÐÄvlog¹ÙÍø Faculty Research Working Paper Series RWP17-044, November 2017.

Data-Driven Management of Post-Transplant Medications: An APOMDP Approach

Boloori, Alireza, Soroush Saghafian, Harini A. A. Chakkera, and Curtiss B. Cook. "Data-Driven Management of Post-Transplant Medications: An APOMDP Approach." ÌÇÐÄvlog¹ÙÍø Faculty Research Working Paper Series RWP17-036, August 2017.

Workload Management in Telemedical Physician Triage and Other Knowledge-Based Service Systems

Saghafian, Soroush, Wallace J. Hopp, Seyed M. R. Iravani, Yao Cheng, and Daniel Diermeier. "Workload Management in Telemedical Physician Triage and Other Knowledge-Based Service Systems." ÌÇÐÄvlog¹ÙÍø Faculty Research Working Paper Series RWP17-035, August 2017.

Emergency Department Holding Orders

Traub, Stephen J., M'Hamed Temkit, and Soroush Saghafian. "Emergency Department Holding Orders." Journal of Emergency Medicine 52.6 (June 2017): 885-893.

Resource Utilization in Emergency Department Patients with Known or Suspected Poisoning

Traub, Stephen J., Soroush Saghafian, Matthew R. Buras, and M'Hamed Temkit. "Resource Utilization in Emergency Department Patients with Known or Suspected Poisoning." Journal of Medical Toxicology (June 1, 2017).

Physician in Triage Versus Rotational Patient Assignment

Traub, Stephen J., Adam C. Bartley, Vernon D. Smith, Roshanak Didehban, Christopher A. Lipinski, and Soroush Saghafian. "Physician in Triage Versus Rotational Patient Assignment." The Journal of Emergency Medicine 50.5 (May 2016): 784-790.

Characterization of Remitting and Relapsing
Hyperglycemia in Post-Renal-Transplant
Recipients

Boloori, Alireza, Soroush Saghafian, Harini A. Chakkera, and Curtiss B. Cook. "Characterization of Remitting and Relapsing Hyperglycemia in Post-Renal-Transplant Recipients." Public Library of Science PLOS ONE (November 9, 2015).